Agriculture is the backbone of Nigeria’s economy, with a significant portion of the population engaged in farming. However, climate change-induced factors like irregular rainfall patterns, droughts, and floods have disrupted agricultural cycles. Women, who make up a substantial portion of smallholder farmers in Nigeria, are often the hardest hit. They face reduced crop yields, income instability, and increased difficulty in providing food for their families.

Access to clean and reliable water sources is vital for daily life. Climate change leads to unpredictable rainfall patterns, water scarcity, and drying up of water sources. In rural areas, women and girls are responsible for collecting water for household use. When water sources become distant or unreliable, it places an extra burden on women and girls, who spend hours each day fetching water instead of pursuing education or income-generating activities.

Climate change exacerbates health risks in Nigeria. Rising temperatures can result in heat-related illnesses, while changing weather patterns can contribute to the spread of diseases like malaria and waterborne illnesses. Women and girls are often primary caregivers in families and communities, leading to increased health burdens when caring for those affected by climate-induced health issues.

Nigeria, with its diverse ecosystems and geographical regions, is susceptible to a wide range of climate-related disasters such as floods, droughts, and desertification. Women and girls, particularly those in rural areas, are often more vulnerable to these disasters due to their traditional roles in food production, water collection, and caring for the family. When natural disasters strike, women and girls are at a higher risk of injury and death, as well as suffering from the loss of homes and livelihoods. Displaced from their communities, they may also face increased risks of sexual and gender-based violence.

Extreme weather events can disrupt education, especially in rural areas, where schools may be damaged or inaccessible. Girls are particularly vulnerable to missing out on education during these times, which can have long-term consequences for their future prospects. Additionally, the economic opportunities for women, especially those in agriculture and informal sectors, are adversely affected by climate change, perpetuating gender inequalities.